How to Convert an IP Address to a Number

 To convert an IP address into a number, you can use the following method where each of the four octets of the IP address is multiplied by a power of 2 corresponding to its position:

Formula:

IP Number = (Octet1 * 2^24) + (Octet2 * 2^16) + (Octet3 * 2^8) + (Octet4)

Example: Converting IP Address 46.51.219.242

We can break down the conversion of the IP 46.51.219.242 into a number:

1. First, separate the octets:

   • Octet1: 46
   • Octet2: 51
   • Octet3: 219
   • Octet4: 242

2. Apply the formula:

46 * 2^24 = 46 * 16777216 = 771751936
51 * 2^16 = 51 * 65536 = 335544576
219 * 2^8 = 219 * 256 = 56124
242 * 2^0 = 242

3. Add them together:

771751936 + 335544576 + 56124 + 242 = 775150578

So, the IP address 46.51.219.242 corresponds to the number 775150578.

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Class-based IP Addressing:

IP addresses are classified into five classes (A, B, C, D, and E), and each class has a designated range and subnet mask:

Class	Leading Bits	Start Address	End Address	Subnet Mask
Class A	0	0.0.0.0	127.255.255.255	/8
Class B	10	128.0.0.0	191.255.255.255	/16
Class C	110	192.0.0.0	223.255.255.255	/24
Class D	1110	224.0.0.0	239.255.255.255	NA
Class E	1111	240.0.0.0	255.255.255.255	NA

Explanation of Classes:

• Class A: Uses addresses from 0.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255 with a /8 subnet mask, meaning the first 8 bits represent the network part, and the remaining bits represent the host.
• Class B: Uses addresses from 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255 with a /16 subnet mask, meaning the first 16 bits represent the network part.
• Class C: Uses addresses from 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255 with a /24 subnet mask, meaning the first 24 bits represent the network part.
• Class D: Reserved for multicast addresses (224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255).
• Class E: Reserved for experimental purposes (240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255).